Data credits

Everything this site is built on, and the terms it is used under.

Data used in the games

Recordings and datasets distributed as part of this site, under licenses that permit it.

MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database v1.0.0, PhysioNet. Moody GB, Mark RG. The impact of the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 2001;20(3):45-50. Goldberger AL, et al. PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet. Circulation. 2000;101(23):e215-e220.
ODC-BY v1.0 / mitdb 1.0.0 / Used in Rhythm Rush
MIT-BIH Malignant Ventricular Ectopy Database v1.0.0, PhysioNet. Greenwald SD. Development and analysis of a ventricular fibrillation detector. M.S. thesis, MIT Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1986. Goldberger AL, et al. Circulation. 2000;101(23):e215-e220.
ODC-BY v1.0 / vfdb 1.0.0 / Used in Rhythm Rush
CU Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia Database v1.0.0, PhysioNet. Nolle FM, Badura FK, Catlett JM, Bowser RW, Sketch MH. CREI-GARD, a new concept in computerized arrhythmia monitoring systems. Computers in Cardiology. 1986;13:515-518. Goldberger AL, et al. Circulation. 2000;101(23):e215-e220.
ODC-BY v1.0 / cudb 1.0.0 / Used in Rhythm Rush

Sources we cite

Work we describe in our own words and link to. Nothing is reproduced.

Zheng XL, Vesely SK, Cataland SR, et al. ISTH guidelines for the diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(10):2486-2495.
ISTH 2020 / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Zheng XL, Vesely SK, Cataland SR, et al. ISTH guidelines for treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(10):2496-2502.
ISTH 2020 / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Zheng XL, Al-Housni Z, Cataland SR, et al. 2025 focused update of the 2020 ISTH guidelines for management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost. 2025;23(11):3711-3732.
ISTH 2025 focused update / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Bendapudi PK, Hurwitz S, Fry A, et al. Derivation and external validation of the PLASMIC score for rapid assessment of adults with thrombotic microangiopathies: a cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 2017;4(4):e157-e164.
Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Cuker A, Arepally GM, Chong BH, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Blood Adv. 2018;2(22):3360-3392.
ASH 2018 / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Cuker A, Gimotty PA, Crowther MA, Warkentin TE. Predictive value of the 4Ts scoring system for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Blood. 2012;120(20):4160-4167.
Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Lo GK, Juhl D, Warkentin TE, et al. Evaluation of pretest clinical score (4 T's) for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in two clinical settings. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4(4):759-765.
Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Fakhouri F, Zuber J, Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Loirat C. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Lancet. 2017;390(10095):681-696.
Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65(12):e45-e80.
IDSA 2017 / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Iba T, Levy JH, Maier CL, et al. Updated definition and scoring of disseminated intravascular coagulation in 2025: communication from the ISTH SSC Subcommittee on Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation. J Thromb Haemost. 2025;23(7):2356-2362.
ISTH SSC 2025 / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Sanz MA, Fenaux P, Tallman MS, et al. Management of acute promyelocytic leukemia: updated recommendations from an expert panel of the European LeukemiaNet. Blood. 2019;133(15):1630-1643.
ELN 2019 / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Tallman MS, Altman JK. How I treat acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood. 2009;114(25):5126-5135.
Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Röllig C, Ehninger G. How I treat hyperleukocytosis in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2015;125(21):3246-3252.
Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Cairo MS, Bishop M. Tumour lysis syndrome: new therapeutic strategies and classification. Br J Haematol. 2004;127(1):3-11.
Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Howard SC, Jones DP, Pui CH. The tumor lysis syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(19):1844-1854.
Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Wada H, Thachil J, Di Nisio M, et al. Guidance for diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation from harmonization of the recommendations from three guidelines. J Thromb Haemost. 2013;11(4):761-767.
ISTH SSC 2013 / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Döhner H, Wei AH, Appelbaum FR, et al. Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2022 recommendations from an international expert panel on behalf of the ELN. Blood. 2022;140(12):1345-1377.
ELN 2022 / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Le Rhun E, Guckenberger M, Smits M, et al. EANO-ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with brain metastasis from solid tumours. Ann Oncol. 2021;32(11):1332-1347.
EANO-ESMO 2021 / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Ryken TC, Kuo JS, Prabhu RS, Sherman JH, Kalkanis SN, Olson JJ. Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the role of steroids in the treatment of adults with metastatic brain tumors. Neurosurgery. 2019;84(3):E189-E191.
CNS 2019 / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Chang SM, Messersmith H, Ahluwalia M, et al. Anticonvulsant prophylaxis and steroid use in adults with metastatic brain tumors: ASCO and SNO endorsement of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons guidelines. J Clin Oncol. 2019;37(13):1130-1135.
ASCO/SNO 2019 / Used in Oncologic Emergencies
Part 9: Adult Advanced Life Support. 2025 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2025;152(suppl 2).
AHA 2025 CPR & ECC / Used in Rhythm Rush
Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, et al. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Bradycardia and Cardiac Conduction Delay. Circulation. 2019;140(8):e382-e482.
2018 ACC/AHA/HRS / Used in Rhythm Rush
Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, et al. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia. Circulation. 2016;133(14):e506-e574.
2015 ACC/AHA/HRS / Used in Rhythm Rush
Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. Circulation. 2018;138(13):e272-e391.
2017 AHA/ACC/HRS / Used in Rhythm Rush
Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, et al. 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation. Circulation. 2024;149(1):e1-e156.
2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS / Used in Rhythm Rush
Kligfield P, Gettes LS, Bailey JJ, et al. Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram: Part I: The Electrocardiogram and Its Technology. Circulation. 2007;115(10):1306-1324.
Used in Rhythm Rush
Surawicz B, Childers R, Deal BJ, Gettes LS. AHA/ACCF/HRS Recommendations for the Standardization and Interpretation of the Electrocardiogram: Part III: Intraventricular Conduction Disturbances. Circulation. 2009;119(10):e235-e240.
Used in Rhythm Rush
Fleming S, Thompson M, Stevens R, et al. Normal ranges of heart rate and respiratory rate in children from birth to 18 years of age: a systematic review of observational studies. Lancet. 2011;377(9770):1011-1018.
Used in Vitals Warm-Up
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults. Hypertension. 2018;71(6):e13-e115.
2017 ACC/AHA / Used in Vitals Warm-Up

On synthesized signals

Waveforms generated by this site are implemented from published mathematical models, written independently rather than adapted from existing implementations. Two widely used reference implementations, ECGSYN and VentTrainer, are licensed under the GPL. The underlying mathematics is free to reimplement. Their code is not, and translating it into another language would not change that.